Latin America Essay Example for Free

Latin America Essay Nation states co-exist one alongside another, yet, their relations have not been perfect or devoid of discord. At the heart of this problem is that each nation state as a political and economic entity has its own interests. It is the pursuit of these interests that these states rub one another the wrong way, with the developed countries calling the shots, leading to an acrimonious disposition in international relations. This paper examines some of the facts by taking America, Cuba and Nicaragua as examples. Question 1 Part A The Cuba Revolution which took place in January 1, 1959 against President General Fulgencio Batista is highly esteemed by Latin Americans because it deposed the dictatorial President General Fulgencio Batista from rule. Part B Cuba occupies a special place in US policy makers’ minds both for historical and strategic reasons. The historical treason is that Nikita Khrushchev had at one time â€Å"poked US in the eye† after US had aimed missiles in Italy and Turkey at USSR. By planting other missiles in Cuba against the US, Khrushchev now had a more credible bargaining chip. America does not want a repeat of this. The Strategic reason is that Cuba at the moment is the only force standing in the way of the Caribbean domination by the US. Part C What prevented Cuba’s annexation by the US is Castro’s rule. This Castro has weathered all assassination and coup attempts that were staged against him at the behest of the US. Question 2 The main strategy that was used by Latin America against US hegemony was by forming an alliance with other socialist countries that posed antithetical stands against the US. It is through these alliances that Latin American states were able to realize the acquisition of arms and ideologies. Question 3 US has been at times responsible for the rise of military dictatorships in Latin America in its quest to annex these countries. In most cases, the US sponsored military coups both financially and militarily against legitimate governments (as it was seen in the case of General Fulgencio Batista when America wanted to oust Castro). Usually, these legitimate governments are conspired against by the US when they refuse to do US’ bidding. When these coups succeed, the leaders themselves turn into outright dictators. Commentary 1 It is true that Nicaragua looks up to Cuba positively since Cuba has been protecting her interests. Or instance, Cuba was instrumental in the 1990s in advising and helping Nicaragua to build closer ties with investors by working with them closely to reconstruct Nicaragua’s economic situation. What enhanced the credibility of Cuba’s economic advice and help to Nicaragua is that the latter witnessed Cuba’s proposals work out for the betterment of Bolivia, a country that initially was preoccupied with militarism. More Credit is being given to Cuba by Nicaragua because Cuba continues to protect Nicaragua’s trade and transport routes, of which the Trans Isthmian canal remains chief. Commentary 2 It is not sufficient to state that Nicaragua admires Cuba because of the protection it receives only. On the contrary, it is through this Trans Isthmian canal that Cuba protects, that the two economies are able to carry out bilateral trade. Cuba’s exports to Nicaragua are rice, sugar cane, medical products, hams and sausages, whereas Nicaragua exports veterinary products, pharmaceuticals, milk and milk products, meat and meat products, original perfume oil, pieces of ivory, among others, to Cuba. Conclusion It is therefore easier to see that because states exist juxtaposed to each other, there is no country that can exist on its own accord. This is why virtually all nations are players in international trade and diplomacy. The mandate therefore falls on the developed economies such as the US and the UK and other international organizations such as the UN to come up with policies that will foster egalitarianism and freedom for and among all states. References Blasier, C. (2005). Trade in Latin America. Ann Arbor: Michigan University Press. Callahan, M. (1999). A historical look at US relations with Cuba. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Personal Narrative - Knee Injury Essay -- Personal Narrative Essays

Personal Narrative- Knee Injury I was always an active person from being in sports to hanging out with friends. I always had something planned, or came up with something on the fly. My junior year in high school was a very tough time for me. I was involved in a lot of activities, organizations, and clubs. I was very active in one organization where I had to be up at school every morning at 7:15 for that meeting. Meaning I would not leave school sometimes until 6:45 to 7:00 in the evening. On the weekends I would have something to do either with friends or family. I would never go a weekend with nothing to do. Either I was out running errands or at the mall buying some new clothes. The problem came in on November 22, 2000 at an away game at North Side High. It was the third quarter ...

Girl Interrupted

Girl, Interrupted was the movie I chose to watch for my experiential paper. This 1999 movie, directed by James Mangold, tells a true tale of a woman’s eighteen-month stay at a psychiatric hospital. This woman, Susanne Kaysen, appears to be depressed and aimless as she finishes her high school career. After a suicide attempt, she finds herself trapped in a mental institution called Claymore Hospital. Although I’ve seen this movie many of times, it always makes an impact on me. Now that I know more about psychology, I feel as though I watched the movie from a different perspective. This new perspective allowed me to analyze and critique the film from through the lens of psychology. The movie ‘Girl Interrupted' is a story of a nineteen year old girl Susanne in the 1960's who, after being suspected of trying to commit suicide, gets sent away to the Mental Institution for a short ‘resting period. Her psychiatrist had suggested to her that the affair with one of her parents' friends, along with her misconception that chasing a bottle of aspirin with a bottle of vodka is anything other than a suicide attempt, could be signs that she may be suffering from ‘borderline personality disorder. ‘ Now she must struggle to remain as sane as possible while being immersed in the hospital with many unstable patients. At the Claymoore Hospital, Susanne quickly becomes friendly with a number of the institution's residents. These residents include Georgina, a pathological liar, Polly a terminally fearful burn victim, Daisy an incest victim and extremely withdrawn agoraphobic, and Lisa, a charming, but manipulating sociopath. The only character to really portray the characteristics of their disorder accurately was Lisa, the sociopath. Antisocial personality disorder is a psychiatric condition characterized by chronic behavior that manipulates, exploits, or violates the rights of others. Individuals with antisocial personality disorder are often angry and arrogant but may be capable of superficial wit and charm. They may be adept at flattery and are very skilled at manipulating the emotions for their own personal gain as we discussed in class. I thought Lisa’s disorder was accurately portrayed because even with her total disregard for the concerns and even the lives of others, she still manages to some how charm the audience with her blunt brutal honesty and her ‘I don't care what people think of me' attitude. People diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder seem to have no emotional connection to any one or anything, and seldom show any signs of emorse for their intrusions on the rights of others like we talked about in class.. Lisa's power of observations gave her the uncanny ability to sense the weakness in other people, which as most sociopaths do, used them for her own personal gain. Another character in the film was Daisy, an obsessive-compulsive agoraphobic whose ongoing affair with her father had left her with a number of various personality disorders to choose from there weren't many disorders that she didn't show symptoms of. Her character did a wonderful job portraying a neurotic recluse whose various disorders took over her life to the point she felt she no longer had any hope for living independently of her sexually abusive father. Other characters include Polly, with her self-inflicted burns that have kept her forever childlike, and Georgina the pathological liar and roommate of the borderline Susanna. It was amongst these characters that Susanna found the strength to confront her own turbulent mentality. Susanna's character did a good job with allowing the narrative to paint a picture of the thought processes of someone who suffers from depression or other personality disorders. Even though she did show signs of having a borderline personality, I personally felt that she showed more signs of depression than anything else. A person with depression or bipolar disorder typically endures the same mood for weeks; a person with BPD may experience intense bouts of anger, depression, and anxiety that may last only hours, or at most a day as we learned about in class.

The Little Kids - 933 Words

Where to begin? Literacy has been in invaluable part of my everyday life since I was a child. Whether public speaking, writing or reading; I can say that all three of these areas have been vital parts of my life that have been developed as time went on. However I did not accomplish this alone. Whenever there was writers block I always managed to find a source of inspiration. There were teachers, friends, and family who were always willing and able to guide me and motivate me to accomplish my goals. Throughout everything I can truly say I am glad that I have made it to today. I remember watching the little kids’ shows from my youth. I recall that one of these shows was Arthur. The simple and colorful words that would be used everyday life that appeared on the television screen would be some of the first words I ever read. Watching children’s programs, especially those that involved the act of reading such as Arthur did, really impacted how what Information I absorbed as a little kid. And since these shows didn t really use too many big words, it was easy for children to understand what was happening in the show and enjoy it. These children programs set a foundation in which I learned to pick up on other people s words and phrases growing up. At times I yearn for the simplicity of those years as a wide eyed kid absorbing everything around me. I remember walking into my kindergarten class at Easton Elemantary School. I remember wearing a blue gray polo shirt and khakiShow MoreRelatedReview Of The Little Kids 1478 Words   |  6 PagesThe Little Kids Robert and Bessie’s little kids, Teck and Vern, attended the same college where they each studied for and obtained teaching degrees. Mindful of the need to earn money for tuition during the summer months, Vern, Teck, and Bonnie, a college friend of theirs, journeyed to Minneapolis, where they could apply for summer work at Glacier National Park. They received an interview from a park representative that just happened to be an alumnus of their college. The representative hiredRead MoreI Was A Little Kid912 Words   |  4 PagesKindergarten When I was a little kid in kindergarten, I would let my friends talk me in to doing stupid things. We would lie to try and get out of trouble, but it never seemed to work when I was little. This is when I learned it is not always best to follow along and do what my friend or friends are doing. A friend and I were trying to think of some things to do during nap time. When we had finally come up with a good idea, we were at recess playing outside on the playground. At the time it seemedRead MoreBilly Teased The Little Kid1887 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"Hey! Stop it, get away† little Danny bellowed as he was getting picked on by Billy the big bad bully. â€Å"Let me just eat my lunch in peace.† â€Å"What’s the matter? Are you going to go cry to your mommy for help?† Billy teased the little kid. Billy was a troubled kid who always seemed to enjoy bringing his own frustrations and problems out on others, mostly that were smaller than him. At home, Billy didn t have the support from his parents as some others might have. Some seem to think this is why heRead MoreDescriptive Essay : Kids Skis May Seem Little1161 Words   |  5 PagesFeatures:: Kids’ skis may seem little, but these winter sporting gadgets have massive features to look out for. When you see professional skiers seamlessly navigating their way down steep hills, it looks like fun, but there’s so much that goes into maneuverability, balance, and speed. The terrain also plays a critical role on the kind of ski you’re going to pick. Let’s look into some of the critical features in kid skis in more details: Height As a general rule of thumb, when a ski tail is on theRead MoreHomespun Kids Event: An Invite to the Annual Little Einsteins Swap Meet443 Words   |  2 PagesGreetings, Seven years ago I founded the non-profit cooperative Homespun Kids. The purpose of this cooperative is to provide activities and assistance to families home schooling their children in the Lakeside, California area. My business coordinates in-home group classes, fieldtrips, parties and special events, as well as coordinating guest speakers. To date, Homespun Kids has served over 150 local families with children ages preschool through 12th grade. One of the most important thingsRead MoreThe Between State College Blvd And Vermont Essay838 Words   |  4 Pagesthe park the Anaheim Tennis Center is located. It is a sunny afternoon, as the kids run joyfully up and down the small hills of the park and around the playground. The playground is full of little kids from ages ranging between three and eight. Their laughter carried out to the rest of the park by the fresh summer breeze. A boy climbs up the wing of the airplane followed by a couple of girls. The little girls in their lovely pink skirts run towards the swings; their ponytails swaying fromRead MoreThe Effects Of Television On Our Lives1586 Words   |  7 PagesThere are plenty of better foods and products than Pediasure, Yoplait yogurt, and Little Critters gummy. Pediasure, Yoplait yogurt, and Little Critters gummy vitamins are three commercials that all trick kids into eating their product simply because it is â€Å"better† than the alternative. Pediasure is a liquid nutrient product for kids, made to replace eating daily nutrients that kids don’t like. Pediasure is aimed at kids that are picky eaters, who would rather drink Pediasure than eat certain foodsRead MoreWhy Do Kids Fall Sick Often? Essay1195 Words   |  5 PagesIt is hardly two weeks since your kid had a cold and now again, she is down with a stomach infection. A toddler or pre-schooler who falls sick every other week can make you feel worried and even frustrated. You are doing everything possible to keep her safe and healthy, yet she becomes vulnerable to cold, cough, fever, stomach infection and many other forms of infections and illnesses more often than what you think is normal. Take heart, dear parent. Kids fall sick and some of them more frequentlyRead MoreAnalysis of The Brown vs. Education Case and The Little Rock Nine1222 Words   |  5 Pageshad only half the chance of completing high school and only a third of the chance to complete college as a white baby that was born at the same time and place† (Hubert). Kids were treated differently by color in schools in the 1960’s; Brown vs. Education and Little Rock Nine are two examples. There are many more examples of how kids were treated in the 1960’s but these are the most known and they show how people were treated. In the North most public schools were not segregated and in the South theyRead MoreEssay about Social-Psychological Principles of the Movie Unforgiven1333 Words   |  6 Pagesthat his friend and old partner, Ned was killed by Little Bill and now he’s on display in front of the saloon/brothel in town. Little Bill is in the saloon telling his crew how they are going to go searching for Will and Kid Schofield. Just then, Munny’s shotgun enters the scene, and slowly everyone turns around to see him standing in the doorway. Munny shoots and kills the owner, followed by several of Little Bill’s crew. He ends up shooting Li ttle Bill but not killing him. Munny tells the remaining

Understanding the Italian Present Conditional Tense

The present conditional tense (condizionale presente) is equivalent to the English constructions of would plus verb (for example: I would never forget). Forming conditionals is easy: just take any verb, drop the final -e in its infinitive form, and add an appropriate ending—endings are the same for all three conjugation groups of verbs. The only spelling change occurs with -are verbs, which change the a of the infinitive ending to e. What Does a Reflexive Verb Look Like? Reflexive verbs follow the same scheme, with the addition of the reflexive pronouns mi, ti, si, ci, vi, or si when conjugating them: mi laverei, ti laveresti, si laverebbe, ci laveremmo, vi lavereste, si laverebbero. In Italian, a reflexive verb is one when the action carried out by the subject is performed on the same subject. So for example, â€Å"I wash myself† or â€Å"I sit myself in the chair. The subject, â€Å"I, am doing the washing and the sitting. It’s important to know that not all verbs are reflexive, but there are plenty out there and each must be memorized. In order to make an Italian verb reflexive, drop the -e of its infinitive ending and add the pronoun si. For example, pettinare (to comb) becomes pettinarsi (to comb oneself) in the reflexive. Si is an additional pronoun, known as the reflexive pronoun, which is needed when conjugating reflexive verbs. Note that some reflexive verbs can be used without the reflexive pronouns. In this case, their meaning changes: - Alzarsi to wake up/to get up Tu ti alzi. (You get up.) Tu alzi la sedia. (You lift the chair.) Conditional-Tense Sentences Here are some examples of conditional-tense sentences: Vorrei un caffà ¨. (I would like a coffee.)Scriverei a mia madre, ma non ho tempo. (I would write to my mother, but I dont have time.)Mi daresti il biglietto per la partita? (Would you give me a ticket for the game?) The table below provides examples of three regular Italian verbs (one of each class) conjugated in the present conditional tense. Italian Workbook Exercises Questions | AnswersPresent Conditional TenseA. Complete the following sentences using the condizionale presente of the verbs in parentheses. Io ________________ mangiare la pizza. (preferire)Che cosa Le ________________ fare? (piacere)Noi ________________cercare subito un parcheggio. (dovere)Lui ________________ noleggiare una macchina. (volere)________________ darmi lorario dei treni? (potere)Le ragazze ________________, ma non ricordano le parole. (cantare)Teresa ________________ tedesco, m non ricorda i verbi. (parlare)Tu ________________ di non capire, ma sei impulsivo. (fingere)Gli studenti ________________ i corsi, ma non à ¨ obbligatorio. (frequentare)Voi ________________ il segreto, ma non sapete come. (scoprire) CONJUGATING ITALIAN VERBS IN THE PRESENT CONDITIONAL TENSE PARLARE CREDERE SENTIRE io parlerei crederei sentirei tu parleresti crederesti sentiresti lui, lei, Lei parlerebbe crederebbe sentirebbe noi parleremmo crederemmo sentiremmo voi parlereste credereste sentireste loro, Loro parlerebbero crederebbero sentirebbero

Importance of Transition into the Adult World in...

Statement of Problem The transition from adolescent foster care to a point of engaging the adult world represents a critical time in the individuals life (Jones, 2011, p. 1919). This time of transition can be stressful, leading to the development or expression of unhealthy coping ranging from chronic unemployment to criminal behavior (Reilly, 2003). In many cases, the individual will have aged out of foster care, making the transition particularly difficult due to its suddenness and its impact on identity formation (Reilly, 2003). Therefore, greater attention must be paid to the at-risk communities in foster care who are transitioning during late adolescence. According to Reilly (2003), about 20,000 youth exit foster care per year in the United States. A disturbing picture emerges when researchers follow the individuals from foster care into their lives as independent adults; as many as 40% remain unemployed, many are homeless, and a great deal have health problems (Reilly, 2003, p. 728). Collins, Spencer Ward (n.d.) confirm, studies have found high rates of homelessness and incarceration, poor physical and mental health, limited educational attainment, high unemployment, and high rates of pregnancy and substance abuse, (p. 126). Project Needed Based on evidence suggesting that the ages between 18 and 21 are among the most vulnerable for those transitioning from foster care, the proposed program is one that provides assistance during this risky time. ResearchShow MoreRelatedChildren Of Chronicly Ill Parents Case Study1415 Words   |  6 Pageschildren are especially susceptible to development delays because of the particular needs of their ever-changing bodies, brains, and personalities. A child’s needs which may have been a significant priority has moved down the list to make room for care of the ill parent. While this is to be expected, the increased needs of the child must be addressed and intervened to prevent physiological and psychological damage that can have lasting effects on the child’s life. To understand how to best assistRead MoreF Time : Family Life Cycle Transition Essay1357 Words   |  6 PagesDiscuss one example of an off-time family life cycle transition. An â€Å"off-time† family life cycle transition is a non-normative event that happens outside the expected life cycle and may cause trauma or a conflict to the family of the child with the disability. These events that happen are known as unexpected transitions which are experienced at an unanticipated or unusual time during the life cycle transition of a family who have a child with disabilities (Turnbull, Turnbull, Erwin, Soodak, Read MoreTransitions in Children3658 Words   |  15 PagesIdentify risk and resilience factors for the young person concerned as they go through the process of transitions. You should evaluate how the legal framework can support the young person’s transition. The young person this case study is about is a young boy named Tom; he is one years old and is currently in foster care due to his grandparents having concerns about his mother’s ability to care for him. Toms mum is called Carol and is only seventeen years old, she has been spending less time withRead MoreThe Effects Of Deployment On Ones Mental Health1500 Words   |  6 Pagesmembers are enduring over the period of time of deployment, and how it impacts the family emotionally, mentally and physically. On a daily basis military spouses and children face the emotional transitions of deployment. We began to discuss the importance of deployment and â€Å"identify specific challenges and transitions that parents face in their parenting roles as they and their children cope with prolonged separation and reintegration† ( DeVoe 184) . While recognizing the issues the family faces , we re-examineRead MoreHSCO 500 Research Paper3620 Words   |  15 Pagesverbal and physical abuse, pregnancy, sexual orientation, mental illness and neglect. Many youth and young adults have also become homeless due to aging out of foster care services. Youth exiting the foster care and juvenile penal system aren’t effectively linked to services to prevent homelessness. â€Å"Surveys of service providers and homeless populations suggest that young people exiting foster care have difficulty securing stable housing,† (Fowler, Toro, Miles, pg. 1453, 2009). Homelessness is oftenRead MoreAttachment Theory, Biological Influences5410 Words   |  22 PagesThe issue of attachment is one that influences an individual throughout their life, affecting many aspects of their development. It is first formed during infancy between the child and their primary care giver and is maintained over the course of their lifespan. The level of attachment that is formed during infancy creates a foundation for psychological development in the course of the individual’s life (Santrock, 2013). Attachment security can be an indication of the quality of an individual’s futureRead MoreDivorce and Consequences for Child Development1931 Words   |  8 Pageswithin their environme nt. Conversely, if the parent is inconsistent in their provision of care, whether it be physical care, such as feeding, or emotional care, such as bonding, the child is likely to develop a sense of mistrust, which can lead to the belief that the world is inconsistent and unreliable, a perception that could potentially persist throughout development. For the adults involved, the transition in lifestyle created by divorce can contribute to feelings of intense stress and painfulRead MoreHow Was Your Interest In Social Work Developed?. I Have2140 Words   |  9 Pageshad on my life and for teaching me that the easy road is never quite as fun as the hard road. The second biggest influence on my life is my STAC family. For those in the audience who do not know what STAC is it is formally known as Southern Thirty Adolescent Center and I am currently employed there. While I don’t want to spend a lot of time talking about them I do want to give them praise for always being there to support me. We have been through some very difficult times (budget cuts and staff cuts)Read MoreSocial Isolation Among Young Adult Patients With Cystic Fibrosis3308 Words   |  14 Pagesdevelopment of strict infection-control measures in the outpatient and inpatient medical care environments. The theoretical benefit of these isolation practices is to prevent infection, spread from one CF individual to another, but these practices also frequently result in social isolation which can have profound effects on an individual’s emotional coping and adherence behaviors. The effects of social isolation among young adult patients with cystic fibrosis are uncl ear, and this is often a major adherenceRead MoreChanging The Voice Of Child Sex Trafficking1856 Words   |  8 Pagesare women and girls. In 2015 it was reported that 1 out of 5 endangered runaways reported to the National Center of Exploited and Missing Children were likely sex trafficking victims; furthermore, 74% of them were children in the care of social services and foster care when they ran away. In 2000 the United States passed the Trafficking Victims Protection Act, which makes it illegal to recruit, harbor, provide, or obtain a person under 18 years old for the purpose of a commercial sex act. Even though

Competitive strategy of wine industry free essay sample

The wine may appear to be a simple drink with limited variation available, has turned into a multibillion dollar a year industry with enormous variation and an increasingly sophisticated consumer base. The variation available and changes in the age groups who are becoming the major markets for wine producers have created visible market trends that cannot be ignored. These trends also affect the global market. Focusing on market scale and branding expertise, these opponents have capitalized on the globalization of the wine industry. Recently, more and more wine production is taking place in â€Å"New World† regions such as parts of Australia, Chile, and the United States, which have gained a strong comparative advantage in the wine industry. Another problem is that some wine firm (usually French or Italian) are not capable to satisfy the demand of country such as China which has a huge population and even if the people who drink wine are not a lot the level of wine consumption is increasing and as a consequence the amount of export is growing as the graph below shows. Source: All material  ©2010 2012 Twisted Pine Productions. Imports of bottled wine in China increased by 94% year-on-year (y-o-y) to US$1. 27bn in 2011, according to data provided by the China Culture Association of Poetry and Wine (CCAPW). According to CCAPW, the total volume of imported wine climbed 76. 5% y-o-y in 2010, while it increased by 80. 9% y-oy in 2011. CCAPW also revealed that sales of domestically produced wine grew 36. 3% y-o-y to CNY34. 2bn (US$5. 4bn) in 2011. Wine continues to be dominated by domestic brands, and although imports from major producing nations such as France have grown, they remain beyond reach in price terms for all but the most affluent of Chinese consumers. As a consequence of these barriers, winemakers from leading winemaking countries have entered the Chinese market via joint ventures, providing expertise and advice to local vineyards, thus finding a means of capitalising on this growing market. It’s very important distinguish the industry of wine in 2 main category: Small producer: who has high prices, low level of competitors but low production capacity; focused on niche Big producer: who has medium/low prices, more competitors and high production capacity; focused on economies of scale Rivalry Barriers to Entry: The wine industry represents substantial barriers to entry. The most significant of these barriers is the price of land. Prices of land for vineyards has risen sharply. Along with the initial investment in land, there is a large capital investment in equipment. There are requirements for processing facilities and for storage facilities of large barrels of wine. Time is also against the new comer to the wine industry. It will often take years of aging before a wine can be brought to market making the return on investment very slow. Degree of Rivalry: The wine industry is an industry with many competitors. A high number of competitors suggest that price competition is very high. Along with the high number of competitors, there is also substantial consolidation of larger brands. Companies such as Foster Brands, Constellation, and Gallos have been purchasing smaller wineries and often have brand portfolios with as many as one hundred plus wine brands in the portfolio. These larger producers are using their power to push smaller manufacturers off the shelves. Power of Buyers: Buyers in the wine industry can be grouped into two categories, distributors and retailers. The distributor market has undergone intense consolidation with the five largest liquor distributors having over thirty percent of the market. The retailers also have a great deal of power over producers. The two largest wine retailers are Costco (with 10%) and Wal-Mart (with 9%). Threat of Substitutes: Brand loyalty is depend of the country, there are some countries accustomed to the use of wine which have acquired expertise allowing to learn about wine and to be loyal to a certain producer. Though there are other customers, such as Americans which has not the knowledge of the product that may be loyal to a certain product such as a merlot, they do not care who makes it. Supplier Power: There are several suppliers. One supplier is the vineyards. These vineyards lack power, the global market has been flooded with grapes from California, Australia, and several other countries. With all of these pressures, there is very high competition and low power of suppliers. Other suppliers such as bottlers are also easily substituted so they lack significant buying power. Conclusion regarding rivalry: The problem with the wine industry is the consolidation of distributors and buyers. With so much power in the hands of buyers, a winery needs to be large so that they cannot be pushed around by the buyers. This is why many small wineries have consolidated; they need to be larger to gain bargaining power. key success factors in the wine industry BEING DIFFERENT J. Lapsley and K. Moulton [2001] explain in their book â€Å"Successful Wine Marketing† how crucial it is that wine products seek a real identity. An appellation’s success is based on its ancestral and rigorous attributes, and of course, on the grower’s competence. A newer approach consists of developing branded wines and assuming that a brand conveys a particular identity derived from its specific competitive positioning and astute advertising. SEGMENTING THE MARKET The advantage of having real market segmentation is that consumers can be grouped homogeneously. This helps to improve the efficiency of any commercial actions undertaken. McKinna [1987] showed that wine consumers could be classified into four main market segments: connoisseurs (25%), students (51%), new consumers (10%), and bulk consumers who drink wine served in boxes, etc. (14%). These averages may cover significant national variations. The market breakdown will vary depending on whether the country in questions is â€Å"Old World† and accustomed to well established benchmarks like appellations, or â€Å"New World† and more spontaneously interested in specific branded wines or grape varieties. MOVING CLOSER TO THE MARKET Mudill, Riding, Georges and Haines [2003] have highlighted distribution channel concentration as the key variable in the world wine market. Like wine producers, actors in these channels have engaged in countless mergers and acquisitions in their attempts to gain more power vis-a-vis the major retailers and to shorten the logistics chain. In many sectors of activity, value added has steadily moved downstream, benefiting retailers instead of entrepreneurs who are in the process far upstream. This has triggered a merger-mania with companies trying to move as close as possible to the end user by eliminating intermediaries. FINDING A DIFFERENT WAY TO COMMUNICATE It is known that amongst the various marketing mix tools available to wine sector product managers, communications [advertising] plays a role that is clearly important. Furthermore, although one of communication’s main goal is to attract new (and often young) consumers. The Internet can help sponsors here by providing an additional vehicle for media communications. Kehoe and Pitkow [1996] have clearly shown that the Web targets a mainly male population that is relatively young, influential, and which enjoys above-average education. Their E-commerce has increase sales by 11% in the year 2011. Conclusion To achieve a good ranking in the wine industry it is necessary to analyze the own product, the global market and figure out what yours goals and objectives are. After having settled this, follows the development of an international strategy. Srategy suitable for the wine industry In the wine industry, the used strategies change depending the dimension of the companies. In the small company is recommended use the home replication strategy, selling the same products in both domestic and foreign markets, having a strong name and characteristic to loyalty a specific consumers grouped in a niche. Instead in the big companies is recommended penetrate the market using a transnational or even global strategy since rivals are the same in most country markets so there is a strong competitiveness that has to be attacked by low costs and global standardization strategy. MARCO SIMONINI